🦟 Dengue Fever Outbreaks in Khartoum: What’s Happening and Why It’s Getting Worse

 

Dengue Fever in Sudan

Khartoum is facing one of its most challenging public health emergencies in recent years — a sharp rise in dengue fever cases.
The outbreak has spread quickly across several localities, hitting hardest in areas where health infrastructure has already been weakened by conflict and flooding.

🌍 Current Situation

According to reports from Sudan Tribune and Reuters, more than 3,000 dengue cases have been recorded nationwide between September 20–26, 2025, with around 80% of these in Khartoum State — the current epicenter of the epidemic.
Hospitals are overwhelmed, many clinics are short on diagnostic kits and IV fluids, and several health centers remain closed due to ongoing conflict and shortages.

⚠️ Why the Outbreak Is Escalating

A perfect storm of factors has fueled this crisis:

1. War-damaged healthcare system – Hospitals in Khartoum have been partially destroyed or shut down, reducing access to care.
   
   

2. Heavy rains and standing water – The rainy season has created ideal breeding sites for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which transmit dengue.

3. Water storage practices – Due to water supply interruptions, families store water in open containers, increasing mosquito populations.

4. Shortage of testing and medical supplies – Many health facilities can’t confirm dengue or manage severe cases properly.

5. Displacement and poor sanitation – Overcrowded camps and neighborhoods are perfect environments for mosquito-borne infections.

🩸 Common and Severe Complications

Dengue fever might begin as a mild illness, but in Khartoum’s current crisis, many patients are progressing to severe or life-threatening stages.

• Severe dengue (Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever) – causes internal bleeding, plasma leakage, and sometimes shock.

• Organ complications – liver and kidney involvement have been noted in severe cases.

• Platelet drop (Thrombocytopenia) – leading to nosebleeds or gum bleeding.

• Dehydration and shock – due to vomiting, fever, and poor access to fluids.

• Death – dozens of fatalities have been confirmed, with some areas reporting high case-fatality ratios.
  
  

💡 What Can Be Done

The fight against dengue in Khartoum requires community participation as much as medical intervention. Here’s what can help:

• Remove standing water — cover water containers, clear gutters, and avoid stagnant pools.

• Use mosquito nets and repellents — especially for children and pregnant women.

• Seek early medical help if you have fever, joint pain, or rashes — and avoid self-medicating with aspirin or NSAIDs.

• Support public health initiatives — awareness campaigns, clean-up drives, and vector control projects.

• Advocate for rebuilding healthcare systems — mobile clinics, laboratory support, and emergency funding are urgently needed.

❤️ A Final Word

The dengue outbreak in Khartoum isn’t just a seasonal problem — it’s a mirror of the humanitarian crisis affecting Sudan.
While local health workers and volunteers are doing everything possible, international attention and coordinated action are urgently needed to prevent thousands of avoidable deaths.

🔬 Schistosomiasis Isn’t Silent—We Just Don’t Listen: The Diagnostic Gap No One Talks About

Schistosomiasis affects over 250 million people.

We have the drug.
We know the symptoms.
We even know where it spreads.

So why does the disease persist?

Because millions of infections are never even diagnosed.

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📉 The Invisible Epidemic

Most people infected with schistosomiasis don’t even know they have it.

Early symptoms are mild or dismissed:
→ Itchy skin
→ Mild abdominal pain
→ Fatigue

In rural or under-resourced areas, these are just facts of life.

Without lab tests, no one connects the dots.

By the time real symptoms appear—organ damage, blood in urine, chronic pain—it’s already too late.

---

🧪 Diagnostics Should Be Simple. They’re Not.

Here’s the catch:
Diagnosing schistosomiasis isn’t that hard.
But it requires tools, trained personnel, and lab access.

And most of the affected regions have none of the above.

Current methods rely on:
→ Microscopy (examining urine/stool for parasite eggs)
→ Rapid antigen tests (still not widely deployed)
→ Serological tests (require equipment and expertise)

In too many places, the reality is: no tests = no treatment.

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💊 The Drug Exists—But Access Doesn’t

Praziquantel, the drug used to treat schistosomiasis, costs less than a dollar.

It works in one dose.
It’s been around for decades.
But even with this miracle pill, treatment coverage is shockingly low.

Why?

→ Medication isn’t stocked at local clinics
→ Health workers aren’t trained to recognize or treat it
→ Treatment campaigns are sporadic, underfunded, or donor-dependent
→ Adults—especially women—are often excluded from mass drug administration (MDA) programs

We’re not failing because the disease is complicated.
We’re failing because the systems are broken.

---

🧭 What Needs to Happen

If we want to end schistosomiasis, we need to diagnose it before it destroys lives—and treat it without delay.

That means:

→ Deploying rapid, low-cost diagnostic tools to primary care centers
→ Training frontline health workers in endemic regions
→ Ensuring a consistent supply chain of praziquantel
→ Expanding treatment campaigns to include everyone, not just schoolchildren

Diagnostics are not optional. They are the foundation of disease control.

Because what we don’t detect, we can’t treat.
And what we don’t treat, spreads.

---

At Empower Research Foundation, we are:

✔️ Supporting development and deployment of rapid tests
✔️ Advocating for better drug access in rural communities
✔️ Elevating diagnostics as a key pillar in NTD elimination strategy

---

Final Thought:

You can’t fix what you don’t see.

And right now, the world is looking away.

Schistosomiasis is still winning because we’re still ignoring the basics: diagnose, treat, prevent.

Let’s close the gap—before more lives are lost to a disease we already know how to cure.

🌍 Water Should Give Life—Not Disease: The Link Between Schistosomiasis and Water Insecurity

 

Water is life.

But in many parts of the world, water is also a threat.

That’s the reality for millions living with schistosomiasis—a disease that thrives in freshwater sources people rely on every day.

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💧 A Deadly Cycle

Here’s how it works:

→ People enter contaminated rivers or lakes to collect water or wash.
→ Parasites released by freshwater snails penetrate their skin.
→ Inside the body, the parasites lay eggs that cause internal damage.
→ Some of these eggs are released back into the water—starting the cycle again.

This isn’t a one-time problem. It’s a waterborne trap that affects families, communities, and entire regions.

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🚱 Unsafe Water = Unsolvable Disease?

Schistosomiasis isn’t just a medical issue. It’s a water infrastructure failure.

And here's the truth: You can’t eliminate schistosomiasis without solving clean water access.

→ 2 billion people lack safely managed drinking water
→ In many rural areas, people have no choice but to use infested lakes and rivers
→ Public health campaigns often ignore water infrastructure entirely

No drug—no matter how effective—can protect people if the water stays contaminated.

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🌿 The Environmental Side of the Story

Schistosomiasis is also a climate issue.

Changes in rainfall, irrigation, and dam construction affect snail habitats.

In some regions, new water projects have unintentionally expanded the parasite’s reach.

Any long-term solution must factor in environmental engineering, water policy, and ecosystem health.

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🧭 A Path Forward

To break this cycle, we must:

→ Invest in safe water and sanitation
→ Monitor snail populations and water quality
→ Pair public health with environmental design
→ Create policies that treat water as both a health and infrastructure priority

---

At Empower Research Foundation, we’re bringing together scientists, policymakers, and local leaders to make this happen.

Because ending schistosomiasis isn’t just about medicine.

It’s about building a world where no one gets sick from their water.

Want to join us?
→ Support clean water projects.
→ Share this message.
→ Push for water-based disease control in global health policy.

🧒🏾 The Hidden Cost of Schistosomiasis: How This Neglected Disease Steals Childhood

 

Imagine this:
A 7-year-old wakes up early, grabs a yellow jerrycan, and walks 2 kilometers to fetch water.

She wades into a shallow lake. She doesn't know it—but that water holds more than just her morning supply.

It holds parasites that will invade her body, weaken her immune system, and silently sabotage her childhood.

This is schistosomiasis.

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📚 Education Interrupted

Infection starts early. In some regions, up to 90% of school-aged children are infected.

And the effects are brutal:

→ Chronic pain
→ Constant fatigue
→ Anemia and malnutrition
→ Inability to concentrate in class

These symptoms reduce school attendance. And when children do attend, they struggle to keep up.

That leads to fewer opportunities later in life—perpetuating the cycle of poverty.

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🏃‍♂️ Dreams on Hold

Children infected with schistosomiasis often can't participate in sports, play, or physical activities.

They're too tired. Or in too much pain.

That lack of movement affects more than just muscles. It stunts social development, cognitive growth, and emotional well-being.

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🧪 A Treatable Disease That’s Still Being Ignored

The most heartbreaking part?

Schistosomiasis is easily treated with a drug that costs less than a dollar.

But millions of children still go untreated.

Why?

→ No access to medication
→ Lack of awareness in local communities
→ Few school-based screening or treatment programs

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🛠 What Needs to Happen

We can change this. But only if we start treating schistosomiasis like the crisis it is.

Governments, NGOs, and donors need to prioritize:

→ Mass drug administration in schools
→ Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) investments
→ Community-level education and awareness

Every child deserves the chance to learn, grow, and thrive.

But for millions, that starts with being free from schistosomiasis.

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Empower Research Foundation is committed to ending this disease—and restoring childhoods stolen by it.

Want to help?
→ Share this story.
→ Support school-based health programs.
→ Speak up for kids who can’t.

🦠 From Survivor to Activist: How Dengue Fever Changed My Life Forever

  

prevention is better than cure 

By a Sudanese Dengue Survivor

🛏️ I Thought It Was Just the Flu…

At first, it felt like a regular fever.

I was 25, energetic, and had just in my final exam to get my MBBS, UofK in Kassala. I was excited to explore Kassal with my friends after exams.

Then came the headaches.

The bone pain.

The high fever that wouldn’t go away.

I thought it was a bad cold or maybe just exhaustion from stress. But within two days, I couldn’t get out of bed.

⚠️The Act That Shook Me at Kassala's Hospitals

At the hospital, I was not told I had dengue fever. I asked my doctor if it could be dengue fever as Kassal is known endemic area in dengue fever and experienced most that one outbreak last years?”

but the doctor sent me for further investigation.... later in that day i get worse, fever never goes away for which i consult an internist by phone who saif its dengue fever, my platelets dropped so low that the internist said, “don't think ever to take pain killers rather than Paracetamol as other painkillers increase the risk of getting into bleeding stage of dengue fever.” 

💔 The Hardest Part Wasn’t the Pain

It was the helplessness.

My mother was not able to sleep for days i was sick, and far away. 

I couldn’t eat. Couldn’t sleep. Couldn’t move.

I kept thinking about how many people might be going through this silently, in villages with no clinics or hospitals.

🌱 The Turning Point

After I recovered (by Allah’s grace), I realized something that changed me:

Most people in Sudan still don’t understand how dangerous dengue is—until it hits them.

That’s not okay.

I started reading, researching, watching videos, and following doctors online. I began posting awareness tips on Facebook, blogger, and even talking at my neighborhood around me.  

I’m a junior doctor. I’m not rich. 

But I survived—and that gives me a responsibility.

🔑 5 Things I Wish Every Sudanese Knew About Dengue Fever

If you have a fever + joint pain, don’t ignore it. It might be dengue.

Mosquitoes breed in clean water, not just dirty puddles. Check water tanks, flowerpots, and buckets. 

One mosquito bite can infect your whole household. Protect yourself and your family.

Dengue has no cure—only prevention and early treatment.

If you survive it, speak out. Your voice could save someone else’s life.

✊ This Fight Belongs to All of Us

You don’t need to be a health worker to make a difference.

You can educate your neighbors.

Clean your yard.

Post on social media.

Start conversations.

I nearly lost everything to dengue. But I gained a purpose:

To make sure no one else has to suffer in silence.

💬 Get Involved

If you’ve survived dengue, or if it has affected your family—share your story in the comments or message me. Let’s build a community

 of survivors and advocates in Sudan.

Together, we are stronger than the mosquito.

Understanding Dengue Fever and Its Relevance to NTDs

 

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral illness that has rapidly spread across tropical and subtropical regions in recent decades. Often misunderstood and underreported, dengue fever in Sudan has emerged as a significant Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) due to its rising incidence, low public awareness, and lack of adequate control measures.

Neglected Tropical Diseases affect over 1.7 billion people worldwide. They are “neglected” not because they are rare—but because they typically impact the poorest, most marginalized populations. Dengue fits this definition perfectly in Sudan, where limited healthcare access, poor sanitation, and urban crowding allow the disease to thrive.

Epidemiology of Dengue Fever in Sudan

Although dengue has been endemic in Sudan for decades, its incidence has sharply increased in the last ten years. Outbreaks have been reported in Port Sudan, Kassala, Red Sea, and West Darfur—regions where flood-prone environments and poor infrastructure contribute to mosquito breeding.

According to WHO surveillance, Sudan experienced multiple localized dengue outbreaks between 2019–2024, with hundreds of confirmed cases and even more suspected but unverified due to diagnostic limitations. ERF Foundation has observed these trends firsthand, noting an uptick in cases following seasonal floods.

Dengue Transmission and Environmental Triggers

The Aedes aegypti mosquito—infamous for its daytime biting habits—is the primary vector of dengue. These mosquitoes thrive in stagnant water, discarded containers, and urban slums. Sudan’s rapid urban expansion without proper waste management, alongside climate change–driven rainfall, has created the perfect storm for mosquito proliferation.

Flooding, especially in regions like Kassala and Gezira, leaves pools of stagnant water in its wake. Combined with high humidity and temperatures above 25°C, these conditions make dengue transmission nearly inevitable during certain months.

Symptoms and Clinical Presentation

The incubation period for dengue is typically 4 to 10 days after a mosquito bite. Patients often present with:

High fever (up to 40°C)

Severe headache and retro-orbital pain

Muscle and joint pain (“break-bone fever”)

Rash and skin flushing

Mild bleeding (nose or gums)

In some cases, dengue develops into severe dengue or dengue hemorrhagic fever, leading to:

Persistent vomiting

Abdominal pain

Fluid leakage

Internal bleeding

Shock and organ failure

Without timely care, this can be fatal.

Diagnostic Challenges in Sudan

In Sudan, diagnosing dengue remains a major hurdle:

Limited availability of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs)

Confusion with malaria or typhoid fever

Inadequate lab infrastructure outside Khartoum

These constraints mean many dengue cases go unreported or misclassified, which hinders national response planning.

Dengue Fever as a Public Health Threat in Sudan

Dengue does not discriminate by age or gender. However, in Sudan, it disproportionately affects:

Children under 10 (due to lower immunity)

Pregnant women (risk of complications)

Low-income families in overcrowded housing

In rural areas, access to hospitals is limited, and transportation costs delay critical care. Urban hospitals, meanwhile, are often overwhelmed during peak outbreak months.

NTDs in Sudan: The Bigger Picture

Sudan battles multiple NTDs: schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and now, increasingly, dengue. What sets dengue apart is its explosive potential during monsoons and its lack of a universally accessible vaccine.

Many NTDs overlap in symptomatology—fever, fatigue, and gastrointestinal issues—which makes distinguishing them difficult. This underscores the need for integrated diagnostic and surveillance systems, as advocated by WHO and championed locally by the ERF Foundation.

Vector Control Strategies in Sudan

Several vector control strategies have been implemented in Sudan, including:

Insecticide fogging in outbreak zones

Larval source reduction through draining water containers

Distribution of mosquito nets (although less effective for Aedes which bite during the day)

Challenges remain due to logistical gaps, limited funding, and community resistance in some areas due to lack of awareness.

The Role of the ERF Foundation in Tackling Dengue

The Empowerment and Relief Foundation (ERF) has taken a proactive stance in Sudan's dengue crisis by:

Running awareness campaigns in Kassala, Red Sea, and Khartoum

Partnering with local clinics to improve diagnostic access

Training volunteers in early symptom recognition and community mobilization

ERF also collaborates with WHO and other global partners to support a One Health approach, tackling dengue through education, environment, and early care.

Preventive Measures and Community Education

The cornerstone of dengue prevention is community engagement. ERF’s on-ground programs focus on:

Teaching residents to clear stagnant water

Encouraging waste management to remove mosquito habitats

Distributing repellents and mosquito coils

Hosting school outreach sessions on dengue symptoms

Simple measures, like wearing long-sleeved clothing, using insect repellents, and installing window screens, can dramatically reduce mosquito bites.

Treatment and Healthcare Response

Treatment of dengue is supportive, as no specific antiviral exists. For mild cases:

Paracetamol is used to manage fever

Hydration is critical

Avoidance of NSAIDs like ibuprofen and aspirin (which can worsen bleeding)

For severe cases, hospitalization is essential. However, the lack of ICU beds, trained staff, and blood banks in rural Sudan makes outcomes more precarious.

Vaccine Development and Global Research

Two vaccines—Dengvaxia and Qdenga—have shown promise, but their deployment is limited. Dengvaxia is only approved for individuals previously infected, making it unsuitable for general immunization.

Sudan would benefit from international support in:

Introducing safe vaccines

Conducting clinical trials in African populations

Building cold chain infrastructure to support vaccine storage

Data Collection and Surveillance Systems

ERF is advocating for stronger disease surveillance by:

Promoting mobile reporting apps for field health workers

Encouraging standardized data collection

Collaborating with the Ministry of Health for disease mapping

These steps help predict outbreaks and preemptively deploy resources to at-risk zones.

Case Study: Dengue Outbreak in Kassala

In late 2022, Kassala faced a significant dengue outbreak:

Over 200 suspected cases within 6 weeks

3 confirmed fatalities

Schools closed temporarily

Policy and International Support

WHO and partners have categorized dengue as a priority NTD. Sudan receives limited funding from global NTD alliances—but more targeted international support is needed.

Policies should focus on:

Integrated vector management

Cross-border cooperation (as outbreaks spill into neighboring regions)

Funding grassroots NGOs like ERF working directly with communities

Future Outlook: Building Resilience in Sudan

Sudan's fight against dengue is far from over, but with the right mix of:

Government policy

Global partnerships

Community empowerment

there is hope. ERF Foundation continues to lead grassroots efforts while pushing for systemic reforms to reduce the burden of dengue and all NTDs in Sudan.

🧠 FAQs about Dengue Fever in Sudan

Q1: What causes dengue fever?

Dengue is caused by a virus transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, often found in tropical environments.

Q2: How can I protect my family from dengue?

Eliminate stagnant water, use insect repellents, wear long clothing, and support local vector control campaigns.

Q3: Is dengue curable?

There is no cure, but supportive treatment like hydration and fever management is effective if started early.

Q4: Is there a vaccine for dengue in Sudan?

No. While vaccines exist globally, they are not yet widely available or approved for general use in Sudan.

Q5: Why is dengue considered an NTD?

Because it predominantly affects low-income populations and lacks sufficient global investment in prevention and treatment.

Q6: What is ERF Foundation doing about dengue?

ERF runs community education, diagnostic support, and prevention programs in several dengue-prone Sudanese regions.

Conclusion

The threat of dengue fever in Sudan is real, growing, and deeply tied to broader public health and socioeconomic challenges. By working with communities, improving healthcare access, and raising awareness, the ERF Foundation is playing a critical role in mitigating this NTD. But to truly turn the tide, sustained investment, education, and global collaboration are essential.

Dengue Fever Catastrophe in Sudan amidst ongoing War

 

Dengue Fever in SUDAN

Dengue Fever Catastrophe Amidst War-Torn Sudan: A Struggle for Survival

In the midst of the current conflict in Sudan, an unseen but deadly foe is compounding the human tragedy: dengue fever. As the war devastates critical infrastructure and displaces thousands, the fragile healthcare system finds itself overwhelmed. Reports indicate a disturbing surge in dengue cases—especially in regions such as Kassala and Khartoum—where hospitals, already crippled by conflict, are ill-equipped to manage the rising tide of infections.

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease marked by high fevers, severe headaches, muscle pain, and in its worst manifestations, bleeding that can prove fatal. In areas like Gedaref and other conflict-affected zones, families are facing the horror of multiple members falling ill simultaneously. The already overstretched medical facilities, many forced to shut down or operate under extreme duress, struggle to offer even basic care to those in desperate need.

The crisis is deepened by the interplay between heavy rains and flooding—conditions that have not only contaminated water sources but also provided ideal breeding grounds for mosquitos. Blocked supply lines and delays in humanitarian assistance have further compounded the tragedy, leaving internally displaced persons (IDPs) and vulnerable communities at risk of a dual onslaught: the ravages of war and the rapid spread of disease. In our hospitals in Omdurman, we as doctors accustomed to see dengue hemorrhagic fever with mortality in most cases developed hemorrhage 

In this dire scenario, immediate and coordinated action is essential. International organizations, local authorities, and humanitarian partners must work together to bolster healthcare infrastructure, secure safe passages for urgently needed supplies, and ultimately pave the way toward stability. Only by breaking the chains that bind conflict, and disease can Sudan's people hope to begin the long road to recovery 

Schistosomiasis: The Disease That Strikes When You Fetch WaterBy Empower Research Foundation | NTDs Initiative – Chapter 3

Combat Schistosomiasis 

💧 The Everyday Risk No One Talks About

In many parts of the world, fetching water is part of daily life. Children carry jerrycans. Women walk for miles. Farmers wade into rivers to irrigate crops.

But in these very moments—when someone steps into a freshwater lake or stream—they may unknowingly be stepping into danger.

Because lurking in that water are tiny parasites released by infected freshwater snails. These parasites can penetrate human skin, entering the bloodstream and slowly wreaking havoc on the body.

The name of this invisible enemy?

Schistosomiasis.

🧬 What Is Schistosomiasis?

Schistosomiasis (pronounced shis-toe-so-my-a-sis) is one of the world’s most neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). It’s caused by parasitic flatworms called schistosomes, which live in certain freshwater snails.

Once inside the human body, the parasites mature and begin to lay eggs. Some of these eggs exit the body—keeping the cycle of transmission alive in contaminated water. But others become trapped in organs like the liver, intestines, or bladder—leading to pain, inflammation, and long-term damage.

Over time, the disease can cause:

Chronic fatigue

Malnutrition

Liver and spleen damage

Bladder and kidney problems

In children: stunted growth and impaired cognitive development

And yet…

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💊 The Cure Exists—and Costs Less Than $1

There’s a treatment. It’s safe. It’s effective.

And it costs less than a dollar.

Praziquantel is a drug that can treat schistosomiasis in a single dose. But while the science is simple, the systems are not.

Millions go untreated because:

Access to medication is inconsistent

Water and sanitation infrastructure remains inadequate

Communities lack awareness or diagnostic resources

The disease is neglected—both in public consciousness and funding

At Empower Research Foundation, we believe it’s time to change that.

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👩‍👧 Who Does It Affect Most?

While schistosomiasis affects over 250 million people worldwide, it doesn’t affect everyone equally.

It disproportionately impacts:

Children, who swim or bathe in infected water

Women, who collect water and do household chores

Farmers and fishermen, whose livelihoods depend on water

In many communities, children are infected before the age of 10—and remain infected for years.

That means lower school attendance. Less physical activity. Long-term developmental consequences.

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📈 Why Awareness = Action

The third spotlight in our NTDs Initiative focuses on schistosomiasis because it exemplifies everything wrong with the way we prioritize diseases.

It’s everywhere—yet invisible.

Curable—yet untreated.

Preventable—yet ignored.

By raising awareness, we spark action.

By spotlighting neglected diseases, we bring them to the center.

By publishing this, we hope to make the invisible, visible.

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🧭 What ERF Is Doing About It

At the Empower Research Foundation, we are:

✔️ Launching data-led education campaigns on NTDs

✔️ Advocating for increased global health investment

✔️ Partnering with community leaders for localized health education

✔️ Driving policy dialogue to elevate neglected diseases into priority lists

Schistosomiasis is just the third chapter. There are more. But this one is urgent—because it’s preventable.

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📣 What You Can Do

You don’t need to be a scientist to fight schistosomiasis.

You can:

Share this article to raise awareness

Support clean water initiatives in endemic regions

Donate to organizations funding drug delivery and diagnostics

Join the conversation on social media with #EndNTDs #Schistosomiasis

Small actions add up—especially when the stakes are global.

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💬 Final Word

What if getting water made you sick?

That’s the reality for millions. But it doesn’t have to be.

Schistosomiasis is a solvable problem. Let’s treat it that way.

🟦 This post is part of Empower Research Foundation’s NTDs Initiative—spotlighting overlooked diseases that deserve the world’s attention.

Want to stay updated on our work?

👉 Subscribe to our newsletter.

👉 Share this story.

👉 Be part of the movement to end NTDs for good.

Combating Neglected Tropical Diseases in Sudan

 

combat NTDs in Sudan

Snakebites: A critical Healthcare Emergency During War Era in Sudan

 

Snakes in Sudan 

For English See Below: 👇

النسخة العربية

 أزمة عضات الثعابين في السودان: التحديات والحلول

 المقدمة

تشهد السودان أزمة إنسانية عميقة نتيجة للصراع الدائر، الأمر الذي أثر على ملايين الناس وأضعف البنية التحتية الصحية. وسط هذه التحديات، تظهر مشكلة عضات الثعابين كتهديد صحي عام كبير، خاصة في المناطق الريفية.

 الأسباب الرئيسية 

النزوح والتعرض: يعيش الكثير من المشردين وسكان المخيمات في ظروف مؤقتة غير آمنة، مما يزيد من فرصة تماسهم مع الثعابين.  

قلة الوصول إلى الرعاية الصحية: تعاني المرافق الطبية من الازدحام وقلة التجهيزات اللازمة، ما يجعل الحصول على العلاج الفوري أمراً صعباً.  

سوء التغذية: يؤدي نقص الغذاء إلى ضعف الجهاز المناعي، مما يجعل الضحايا أكثر عرضة لتأثيرات السم.  

قلة الوعي: عدم توفر المعلومات والتثقيف الكافي حول الوقاية والإسعافات الأولية لعضات الثعابين يزيد من خطورة المشكلة.

 الإحصائيات

 تُسجل السودان أكثر من 10,000 حالة عضات سنوياً.

 يُقدر معدل الوفيات بين 5-10٪، وهو أعلى من المعدل العالمي.

المناطق الريفية، مثل دارفور وكردفان وغيرها، هي الأكثر تضرراً.

الثعابين السامة الشائعة

الكوبرا (Naja spp): توجد في معظم أنحاء السودان.

أفاعي البتيس (Bitis spp):  تنتشر في المناطق الصخرية والجبلية.

أفاعي السوط (Echis carinatus): واسعة الانتشار وتُعد السبب الرئيسي لمعظم الحالات المبلغ عنها.

استراتيجيات الوقاية

- ارتداء الملابس الواقية مثل السراويل الطويلة والأحذية المغلقة عند الخروج.

 تجنب التجول في الأعشاب الطويلة والمناطق الشجرية.

استخدام شباك الناموس للحد من التعرض.

المحافظة على نظافة المنازل وتخزين الطعام والنفايات بطريقة سليمة.

توعية المجتمعات حول أساليب الوقاية من عضات الثعابين.

 العلاج والإسعافات الأولية

- الحفاظ على الهدوء لتجنب تفاقم الحالة.

- إزالة الأشياء المقيدة كالخواتم أو الأساور من المنطقة المتأثرة.

- تثبيت العضو المصاب لمنع انتشار السم.

- طلب المساعدة الطبية فوراً.

- إعطاء مضاد السم بأسرع وقت ممكن.

 الدعوة إلى العمل

- دعم المبادرات الصحية المحلية لتحسين قدرات الاستجابة في حالات الطوارئ.

- التبرع للمنظمات التي تقدم خدمات الرعاية الطبية.

- الدعوة لزيادة التمويل للبحوث والعلاجات التي تُعنى بعضات الثعابين.

- نشر الوعي العام حول أهمية الوقاية من هذه المشكلة الصحية.

 English Version

Snakebites in Sudan: Challenges and Solutions

 Introduction

Sudan is currently facing a deep humanitarian crisis due to ongoing conflict, which has affected millions and weakened its healthcare infrastructure. Amid these challenges, snakebites have emerged as a significant public health threat, particularly in rural areas.

 Main Causes

- Displacement and Exposure: Many displaced people and those living in temporary shelters are at a higher risk of encountering snakes.  

- Limited Access to Healthcare: Crowded and under-equipped medical facilities make prompt treatment difficult.  

- Malnutrition: Poor nutrition weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to snake venom.  

- Lack of Awareness: Insufficient education on how to prevent and handle snakebites exacerbates the problem.

Statistics

- Sudan records over 10,000 snakebite cases annually.

- The mortality rate from snakebites is estimated to be between 5-10%, which is higher than the global average.

- Rural regions, including areas such as Darfur and Kordofan, are the most affected.

 Common Venomous Snakes

- Cobra (Naja spp): Found throughout most parts of Sudan.

- Bitis Species (Bitis spp): Common in rocky and mountainous areas.

- Saw-scaled Vipers (Echis carinatus): Highly prevalent and responsible for the majority of reported cases.

Prevention Strategies

- Wear protective clothing such as long pants and closed shoes when going outdoors.

- Avoid areas with tall grasses and dense vegetation.

- Use mosquito nets to reduce exposure.

- Keep homes clean and properly store food and waste.

- Educate local communities about snakebite prevention and first aid.

 Treatment and First Aid

- Stay calm to prevent further complications.

- Remove any constrictive items (e.g., rings or bracelets) from the affected area.

- Immobilize the bitten limb to reduce the spread of venom.

- Seek immediate medical help.

- Administer antivenom as quickly as possible.

 Call to Action

- Support local health initiatives to bolster emergency response capabilities.

- Donate to organizations that offer medical assistance.

- Advocate for increased funding for snakebite research and treatment.

- Raise public awareness about effective snakebite prevention methods.

Hidden Danger of Snakebites

Hidden Danger of Snake-Bites 

For English see Below👇

لدغات الأفاعي ليست مجرد لقاء مؤلم مع الطبيعة؛ يمكن أن تؤدي إلى مجموعة من المضاعفات الخطيرة التي يمكن أن تؤثر على أنظمة الجسم المختلفة. فهم هذه المضاعفات المحتملة أمر بالغ الأهمية للوقاية والعلاج الفعال.

المضاعفات الفورية

تلف الأنسجة المحلية: يمكن أن يتسبب السم في احمرار شديد وتورم وتدمير الأنسجة في موقع اللدغة. في بعض الحالات، يمكن أن يؤدي ذلك إلى إعاقة دائمة أو حتى بتر الأطراف.

تجلط الدم غير الطبيعي: يمكن أن يعطل السم تجلط الدم الطبيعي، مما يؤدي إلى نزيف شديد أو نزيف داخلي. يمكن أن يؤدي ذلك إلى فشل كلوي أو حالات تهدد الحياة.

المضاعفات الجهازية

مشاكل القلب والأوعية الدموية: يمكن أن يتسبب سم الأفعى في انخفاض ضغط الدم، وزيادة معدل ضربات القلب، وضعف النبض. يمكن أن تتفاقم هذه الأعراض إلى مشاكل قلبية وعائية أكثر خطورة.

التأثيرات العصبية: يمكن أن تؤدي السموم العصبية في السم إلى الشلل، مما قد يمنع التنفس ويتطلب تدخلًا طبيًا فوريًا.

المضاعفات طويلة الأمد

فشل كلوي: يمكن أن يحدث تلف كلوي لا رجعة فيه بسبب السموم في السم، مما يؤدي إلى مشاكل صحية طويلة الأمد.

الألم المزمن والإعاقة: يمكن أن يؤدي تلف الأنسجة والمضاعفات الأخرى إلى الألم المزمن والإعاقة طويلة الأمد، مما يؤثر على جودة الحياة.

تدابير الوقاية

تجنب موائل الأفاعي: كن حذرًا في المناطق التي من المحتمل أن تكون فيها الأفاعي، مثل الأعشاب الطويلة والتضاريس الصخرية.

ارتداء الملابس الواقية: عند العمل أو التنزه في المناطق المعرضة للأفاعي، ارتدِ السراويل الطويلة والأحذية والقفازات.

الاهتمام الطبي الفوري: اطلب المساعدة الطبية الفورية إذا تعرضت للدغة، حيث يمكن أن يمنع التدخل الفوري العديد من المضاعفات الخطيرة.

فهم المضاعفات المحتملة للدغات الأفاعي يمكن أن يساعد في اتخاذ تدابير الوقاية وضمان العلاج الفوري، وبالتالي تقليل خطر النتائج الخطيرة.

ابقَ آمنًا ومطلعًا!

Snake types in Sudan 

Snake bites 🐍 are not just painful encounters with nature; they can lead to serious complications affecting various bodily systems. Understanding these potential complications is crucial for prevention and effective treatment.

Immediate Complications

1. Local tissue damage: Venom can cause severe swelling, redness and tissue destruction at the bite site, potentially leading to permanent disability or amputation.

2. Abnormal blood clotting: Venom can disrupt normal blood clotting, causing excessive bleeding or internal hemorrhaging, which may result in kidney failure or life-threatening conditions.

Systemic Complications

1. Cardiovascular issues: Snake venom can cause low blood pressure, increased heart rate and weak pulse, exacerbating cardiovascular problems.

2. Neurological effects: Neurotoxins in venom can lead to paralysis, potentially requiring immediate medical intervention.

Long-term Complications

1. Kidney failure: Venom toxins can cause irreversible kidney damage, resulting in long-term health issues.

2. Chronic pain and disability: Tissue damage and other complications can

Snake bites are not just painful encounters with nature; they can lead to serious complications affecting various bodily systems. Understanding these potential complications is crucial for prevention and effective treatment.

Preventive Measures

1. Avoid snake habitats: Be cautious in areas likely to harbor snakes, such as tall grass and rocky terrain.

2. Wear protective clothing: When working or hiking in snake-prone areas, wear long pants, boots and gloves.

3. Seek immediate medical attention: If bitten, seek medical help promptly, as timely intervention can prevent serious complications.

Understanding potential snake bite complications can inform preventive measures and ensure prompt treatment, reducing the risk of severe outcomes. Stay safe and informed!

Understanding Snakebites: Symptoms and Prevention

Hidden danger of snakebites 

For English See Below 👇

أنواع الأفاعي‎

‏ يمكن أن تكون الأفاعي سامة أو غير سامة

. الأفاعي السامة تحقن السم من خلال أنيابها، مما يمكن أن يسبب أعراضًا ‏مختلفة حسب نوع السم‎.‎

‎‎الأعراض‎

‎‏ تختلف أعراض لدغة الأفعى بناءً على نوع الأفعى. اللدغات السامة يمكن أن تسبب أعراضًا شديدة مثل الألم، التورم، ‏وصعوبة التنفس، بينما اللدغات غير السامة عادة ما تسبب تورمًا خفيفًا واحمرارًا‎.‎

‎‎العلاج‎

‎‏ الحصول على الرعاية الطبية الفورية أمر بالغ الأهمية لدغات الأفاعي. يشمل علاج اللدغات السامة مضادات السموم، بينما ‏تتطلب اللدغات غير السامة العناية المناسبة بالجروح‎.‎

‎‎الوقاية‎ 

لتجنب لدغات الأفاعي، كن حذرًا في المناطق التي تكون فيها الأفاعي شائعة، ارتدِ ملابس واقية، وتجنب التعامل مع ‏الأفاعي‎.‎

‎‎الإسعافات الأولية‎

‎في حالة لدغة الأفعى، اتصل بخدمات الطوارئ، ابق هادئًا، وتجنب بعض الإجراءات مثل وضع ضمادة ‏ضاغطة أو محاولة امتصاص السم‎.‎

الأساطير والحقائق حول لدغات الأفاعي

‎أسطورة: امتصاص السم يساعد‎

. امتصاص السم ليس فقط غير فعال، بل يمكن أن يدخل البكتيريا إلى ‏الجرح وفم الشخص الذي يقوم بالامتصاص‎.‎

‎أسطورة: وضع ضمادة ضاغطة مفيد‎

استخدام ضمادة ضاغطة يمكن أن يسبب تلفًا شديدًا في الأنسجة ويؤدي إلى آثار سلبية ‏أخرى. قد يزيد من تأثير السم، يزيد التورم، وفي الحالات القصوى، يؤدي إلى البتر‎.‎

‎أسطورة: الأفاعي هي مفترسات قاتلة تستهدفك‎

‎‏ معظم لدغات الأفاعي تحدث عندما يتم استفزاز الأفعى، إما عن طريق التعامل ‏معها، مضايقتها، أو الدوس عليها عن غير قصد. العديد من اللدغات تكون من أفاعي غير سامة، وقليل منها يكون قاتلاً‎.‎

‎أسطورة: الأفاعي الصغيرة أكثر خطورة من البالغة‎

‏ بينما يمكن أن يكون سم الأفاعي الصغيرة أكثر سمية، يمكن للأفاعي البالغة أن ‏تحقن كميات أكبر من السم في لدغة واحدة. عمر الأفعى لا يرتبط بالضرورة بالخطر الذي تشكله‎.‎

‎أسطورة: يمكنك تحديد الأفاعي السامة من خلال أنماطها‎

‎‏ تتغير أنماط تلوين الأفاعي خلال حياتها، مما يجعلها صعبة التحديد. ‏مبادئ العلاج لأي لدغة أفعى 

هي نفسها، لذا من الأفضل عدم الاقتراب من الأفعى لمحاولة تحديدها‎

Snake types in Sudan 

:👇

Snake bites can be a serious medical emergency, and understanding the different types of snakes, the symptoms of bites, and appropriate treatments can be crucial. Here’s a comprehensive guide to help you stay informed and safe.

Types of Snakes

Snakes can be categorized into two main types: venomous and nonvenomous. Venomous snakes inject venom through their fangs, which can cause various symptoms depending on the kind of venom. On the other hand, nonvenomous snakes do not inject venom and their bites are generally less severe.

Snake types in Sudan 

Symptoms of Snake Bites

The symptoms of a snake bite can vary based on the type of snake. Venomous bites can cause severe symptoms such as:

- Intense pain

- Swelling

- Difficulty breathing

Nonvenomous bites usually result in milder symptoms like:

- Mild swelling

- Redness

Treatment for Snake Bites

Immediate medical attention is crucial for snake bites. The treatment for venomous bites typically includes the administration of antivenom. Proper wound care is essential for nonvenomous bites to prevent infection and promote healing.

Prevention of Snake Bites

To prevent snake bites, it’s important to be cautious in areas where snakes are common. Here are some tips:

- Wear protective clothing, such as boots and long pants.

- Avoid handling snakes.

- Stay alert and watch where you step, especially in tall grass or rocky areas.

First Aid for Snake Bites

In the event of a snake bite, follow these first aid steps:

- Call emergency services immediately.

- Stay calm and try to keep the affected limb immobilized.

- Avoid certain actions like applying a tourniquet or trying to suck out the venom, as these can cause more harm than good.

Myths and Facts about Snake Bites

There are many myths surrounding snake bites. Here are some common misconceptions and the facts that debunk them:

Myth: Sucking out the venom helps: This is a common misconception. Sucking out the venom is not only ineffective but can also introduce bacteria into the wound and the mouth of the person applying suction.

Myth: Applying a tourniquet is beneficial: 

Fact: Using a tourniquet can cause severe tissue damage and lead to other adverse effects. It may exacerbate the impact of venom, increase swelling, and in extreme cases, lead to amputation.

Myth: Snakes are deadly predators out to get you:

Fact:  Most snake bites occur when the snake is provoked, either by being handled, antagonized, or inadvertently stepped on. Many bites are from nonvenomous snakes, and few are fatal.

Myth: Young rattlesnakes are more dangerous than adults:

Fact:  While juvenile rattlesnakes can have more toxic venom, adult rattlesnakes can deliver much greater amounts of venom in a single bite. The age of the snake does not necessarily correlate to the danger it poses.

Myth: You can identify venomous snakes by their patterns:

Fact:  Snakes' coloration patterns change during their lives, making them hard to identify. The treatment principles for any snake bite are the same, so it's best not to try to get close to a snake to identify it

.‎

Snakebites: Critical health challenge in Sudan

   For English Version Move Below👇

End the neglect

تُعد لدغات الأفاعي مشكلة صحية عامة كبيرة في السودان، خاصة في المناطق الريفية والزراعية حيث تكون لدغات الأفاعي أكثر شيوعًا. كجزء من مبادرة الأمراض المدارية المهملة لمؤسسة Empower Research Foundation، نسعى إلى تسليط الضوء على هذا التهديد الصحي الذي غالبًا ما يتم تجاهله والعمل نحو حلول فعالة. 

نطاق المشكلة

في السودان، تشكل لدغات الأفاعي خطرًا كبيرًا على صحة ورفاهية العديد من المجتمعات. يضم السودان عدة أنواع من الأفاعي السامة، بما في ذلك الأفعى ذات الحراشف المنشارية، والأفعى النفاثة، والأفعى السوداء. تتسبب هذه الأفاعي في العديد من اللدغات كل عام، مما يؤدي إلى مضاعفات صحية خطيرة وفي بعض الحالات إلى الوفاة.

تأثير على المجتمعات

يمتد تأثير لدغات الأفاعي إلى ما بعد المخاوف الصحية الفورية. غالبًا ما يواجه الضحايا آثارًا طويلة الأمد جسديًا ونفسيًا، بما في ذلك الألم المزمن، والإعاقة، والضغط النفسي بعد الصدمة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن أن يكون العبء الاقتصادي على الأسر المتضررة كبيرًا، حيث تؤدي تكاليف العلاج الطبي وفقدان الإنتاجية إلى استنزاف الموارد المالية للأسر.

التحديات في معالجة لدغات الأفاعي

Understanding Snakebites

تعيق عدة تحديات الإدارة الفعالة والوقاية من لدغات الأفاعي في السودان. تشمل هذه التحديات الوصول المحدود إلى المرافق الصحية، ونقص إمدادات مضادات السموم، ونقص الوعي بالإجراءات الإسعافية الصحيحة. علاوة على ذلك، يمكن أن تؤدي المعتقدات والممارسات التقليدية أحيانًا إلى تأخير أو تعقيد العلاج.

نهجنا

تلتزم مبادرة الأمراض المدارية المهملة بمعالجة هذه التحديات من خلال نهج متعدد الجوانب:

1. البحث وجمع البيانات: إجراء دراسات شاملة لفهم انتشار وعوامل الخطر ونتائج لدغات الأفاعي في السودان.
2. التوعية والتعليم: رفع الوعي حول الوقاية من لدغات الأفاعي والإسعافات الأولية من خلال برامج التوعية المجتمعية والمواد التعليمية.
3. تحسين الوصول إلى الرعاية: التعاون مع مقدمي الرعاية الصحية لضمان العلاج الفوري والفعال لضحايا لدغات الأفاعي، بما في ذلك توفر مضادات السموم.
4. الدعوة السياسية: العمل مع صناع السياسات لتطوير وتنفيذ استراتيجيات تعطي الأولوية لدغات الأفاعي كقضية صحية عامة.

 

Learn about snakebites prevention and treatment 

Snake envenoming is a significant public health issue in Sudan, particularly in rural and agricultural areas where snakebites are more common. As part of the Empower Research Foundation's NTDS Initiative, we aim to shed light on this often-overlooked health threat and work towards effective solutions.

The Scope of the Problem

In Sudan, snake envenoming poses a serious risk to the health and well-being of many communities. The country is home to several venomous snake species, including the saw-scaled viper, puff adder, and black mamba. These snakes are responsible for numerous bites each year, leading to severe health complications and, in some cases, fatalities.

Impact on Communities

The impact of snake envenoming extends beyond immediate health concerns. Victims often face long-term physical and psychological effects, including chronic pain, disability, and post-traumatic stress. Additionally, the economic burden on affected families can be substantial, as medical treatment and lost productivity take a toll on household finances.

Challenges in Addressing Snake Envenoming

Several challenges hinder the effective management and prevention of snake envenoming in Sudan. These include limited access to healthcare facilities, a shortage of antivenom supplies, and a lack of awareness about proper first aid measures. Furthermore, traditional beliefs and practices can sometimes delay or complicate treatment.

Our Approach

The NTDS Initiative is committed to addressing these challenges through a multifaceted approach:

1. Research and Data Collection: Conducting comprehensive studies to understand the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of snake envenoming in Sudan.

2. Awareness and Education: Raising awareness about snakebite prevention and first aid through community outreach programs and educational materials.

3. Improving Access to Care: Collaborating with healthcare providers to ensure timely and effective treatment for snakebite victims, including the availability of antivenom.

conclusion 

Snake envenoming is a critical health challenge that requires urgent attention and action. Through the NTDS Initiative, the Empower Research Foundation is dedicated to improving the lives of those affected by snakebites in Sudan. By fostering collaboration, raising awareness, and advocating for better healthcare access, we aim to make a lasting impact on this pressing issue.